What is utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and why do you need to download it?
If you are working with MySQL databases, you may have encountered the term utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and wondered what it means and why it matters. In this article, we will explain what utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci is, why you need to download it, and how to do it. By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of this collation and how to use it for your data storage and processing.
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What is utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci?
To understand what utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci is, we need to first understand some basic concepts about Unicode, character sets, and collations.
A brief introduction to Unicode, character sets, and collations
Unicode is a standard that defines a unique code for every character in every language in the world. It covers more than 140,000 characters from over 150 scripts and writing systems. Unicode enables computers to store, process, and display text in any language consistently and accurately.
Character sets are collections of characters that are encoded using a specific scheme. For example, ASCII is a character set that encodes 128 characters using one byte (8 bits) per character. UTF-8 is another character set that encodes all Unicode characters using one to four bytes per character.
Collations are sets of rules that determine how characters are compared and sorted. For example, in some languages, accented letters are considered different from their unaccented counterparts, while in others they are not. Collations also affect case sensitivity, punctuation, whitespace, and other aspects of text comparison and sorting.
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The meaning and features of utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci is a collation that is new in MySQL 8.0. It is based on the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA) 9.0.0, and the character set is utf8mb4, which supports a wide range of Unicode characters. The "ai" in the collation name stands for "accent insensitive" and the "ci" stands for "case insensitive."
The features of utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci include:
It supports all Unicode characters, including emojis, symbols, and supplementary characters that lie outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP).
It follows the latest version of the UCA, which provides accurate and consistent sorting and comparison for many languages and scripts.It is accent insensitive and case insensitive, which means that it treats accented letters and uppercase letters as equivalent to their unaccented and lowercase counterparts. For example, "café" and "CAFE" are considered the same.
It is fast and efficient, as it uses a binary representation of the UCA weight keys, which reduces the memory usage and the number of comparisons needed.
Why do you need to download utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci?
You may wonder why you need to download utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci if you already have other collations available in MySQL. The answer is that utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci offers some advantages over other collations that may suit your needs better.
The benefits of using utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci over other collations
Some of the benefits of using utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci are:
It supports the full range of Unicode characters, which means that you can store and process any text data in any language, including emojis, symbols, and rare characters. This is especially useful if you are dealing with multilingual or international data, or if you want to use emojis for communication or analysis.
It follows the latest version of the UCA, which means that it provides the most accurate and consistent sorting and comparison for many languages and scripts. This is important if you want to ensure that your data is sorted and compared according to the linguistic and cultural conventions of your users or customers.
It is accent insensitive and case insensitive, which means that it simplifies the text comparison and search operations. This is helpful if you want to avoid confusion or errors caused by different accents or cases in your data. For example, if you are searching for a name or a keyword, you don't have to worry about whether it has an accent or not, or whether it is capitalized or not.
It is fast and efficient, which means that it improves the performance and scalability of your database. This is beneficial if you want to optimize the speed and memory usage of your database operations, especially if you have large or complex data sets.
The compatibility issues and error messages that may arise if you don't use utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
If you don't use utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you may encounter some compatibility issues and error messages when working with MySQL databases. Some of the common problems are:
You may not be able to store or process some Unicode characters, such as emojis, symbols, or supplementary characters, if your collation does not support them. For example, if you use utf8_unicode_ci, which only supports characters in the BMP, you may get an error message like "Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x98\x81' for column 'emoji' at row 1" when trying to insert an emoji into a table.
You may not be able to sort or compare your data correctly, according to the linguistic and cultural conventions of your users or customers, if your collation does not follow the latest version of the UCA. For example, if you use utf8mb4_general_ci, which is based on an older version of the UCA, you may get unexpected results when sorting or comparing some characters or strings in some languages or scripts.
You may not be able to match your data easily, if your collation is not accent insensitive or case insensitive. For example, if you use utf8mb4_bin, which is a binary collation that treats every character as different, you may not be able to find a match for "café" when searching for "cafe", or vice versa.
You may experience slower performance or higher memory usage, if your collation is not fast or efficient. For example, if you use utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci, which uses a non-binary representation of the UCA weight keys, you may need more memory and more comparisons to sort or compare your data.
How to download and install utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci?
If you are convinced that utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci is the best collation for your data, you may wonder how to download and install it. The good news is that it is not very difficult to do so. Here are the requirements and steps for downloading utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci.
The requirements and steps for downloading utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
To download utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you need to have MySQL 8.0 or higher installed on your system. If you don't have MySQL 8.0 or higher, you can download it from the official website or use the command line to update your MySQL version. To install utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you need to set it as the default collation for your database, table, or column. You can do this by using the CREATE DATABASE, CREATE TABLE, or ALTER TABLE statements with the COLLATE clause. For example, to create a database with utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci as the default collation, you can use the following statement: CREATE DATABASE mydb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
To create a table with utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci as the default collation, you can use the following statement: CREATE TABLE mytable (id INT, name VARCHAR(100), emoji VARCHAR(10)) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
To alter a column with utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci as the default collation, you can use the following statement: ALTER TABLE mytable MODIFY emoji VARCHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
The configuration and verification of utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
To configure utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you need to make sure that your MySQL server and client are using the same character set and collation. You can do this by editing the my.cnf file and adding the following lines under the [mysqld] and [client] sections: character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci character-set-client=utf8mb4 collation-client=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
To verify that utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci is installed and configured correctly, you can use the SHOW VARIABLES or SHOW CREATE statements to check the character set and collation of your server, database, table, or column. For example, to check the character set and collation of your server, you can use the following statement: SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%' OR 'collation_%';
The output should show that the character set and collation are both utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci. Similarly, you can check the character set and collation of your database, table, or column by using the following statements: SHOW CREATE DATABASE mydb; SHOW CREATE TABLE mytable; SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM mytable;
The output should show that the character set and collation are both utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci for your database, table, or column. Conclusion
In this article, we have explained what utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci is, why you need to download it, and how to do it. We have also discussed some of the benefits and challenges of using this collation for your data storage and processing. We hope that this article has helped you understand this topic better and motivated you to try it out for yourself.
If you have any questions or feedback, please feel free to leave a comment below. We would love to hear from you and help you with any issues you may encounter. Thank you for reading and happy coding!
FAQs
What is the difference between utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and utf8mb4_unicode_ci?
utf8mb4_unicode_ci is another collation that is based on the UCA, but it uses an older version (5.2.0) than utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci (9.0.0). This means that utf8mb4_unicode_ci may not provide the same accuracy and consistency as utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci for some languages and scripts. For example, utf8mb4_unicode_ci may not sort some characters correctly in German or Swedish.
What is the difference between utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and utf8mb4_general_ci?
utf8mb4_general_ci is another collation that is not based on the UCA, but on a simple algorithm that compares characters by their binary values. This means that utf8mb4_general_ci may not provide the same accuracy and consistency as utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci for any language or script. For example, utf8mb4_general_ci may not distinguish between some characters that have different meanings or pronunciations in different languages.
How can I change the default collation of my database or table to utf8mb4_0900_ai _ci?
You can change the default collation of your database or table to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci by using the ALTER DATABASE or ALTER TABLE statements with the COLLATE clause. For example, to change the default collation of your database to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you can use the following statement: ALTER DATABASE mydb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
To change the default collation of your table to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you can use the following statement: ALTER TABLE mytable CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
How can I check the collation of my database, table, or column?
You can check the collation of your database, table, or column by using the SHOW CREATE or SHOW FULL statements. For example, to check the collation of your database, you can use the following statement: SHOW CREATE DATABASE mydb;
To check the collation of your table, you can use the following statement: SHOW CREATE TABLE mytable;
To check the collation of your column, you can use the following statement: SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM mytable;
How can I convert my existing data to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci?
If you have existing data that is stored in a different character set or collation, and you want to convert it to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you can use the ALTER TABLE statement with the CONVERT TO clause. For example, to convert your table to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, you can use the following statement: ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
This will convert all the columns and data in your table to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci. However, be careful when doing this, as it may cause data loss or corruption if your original data contains characters that are not supported by utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci. 44f88ac181
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